用英語(yǔ)講中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化——中國(guó)茶文化

“Chinese tea culture”

北京時(shí)間2022年11月29日晚，“中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)制茶技藝及其相關(guān)習(xí)俗”被列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄。

Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29, 2022.

“中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)制茶技藝及其相關(guān)習(xí)俗”的成功申遺，體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)茶文化的深遠(yuǎn)影響和價(jià)值。那今天就和小編一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)用英語(yǔ)介紹中國(guó)茶文化吧poisoned！

一

中國(guó)茶文化起源

Origins

Tea is native to China，and Chinese tea culture has a long history.

中國(guó)是茶的故鄉(xiāng)，中國(guó)的茶文化有著非常悠久的歷史。

Originally tea was used as a medicine instead of a drink. It was said that Shennong，the legendary ruler in ancient China，once tasted a lot of plants and was poisoned many times. It was tea that helped him get rid of the poisoning effect. Later the ancient Chinese got to know more and more about tea，and instead of being regarded as a medicine, it became a drink.

最初茶被用作藥物而不是飲品。傳說(shuō)，古代中國(guó)神話中的統(tǒng)治者神農(nóng)曾嘗遍百草，并因此多次中毒。正是茶幫助他消除了中毒的影響。

So originally, tea was only used as medicine and well-renowned for its medicinal properties. Aside from this sometimes tea was used for cooking.

因此，最初，茶只被用作藥物，并因其藥用價(jià)值而聞名。除此以外，有時(shí)茶還被用于烹飪。

Before tea drinking became part of the community, tea drinking was a general practice mostly undertaken by Buddhist monks. Some of the more famous teas are grown by monks in the mountain areas around monasteries.

在飲茶成為社會(huì)的一部分之前，飲茶幾乎只在佛教僧侶見比較普遍。一些比較有名的茶葉是由寺院周圍山區(qū)的僧人種植的。

The starting point of this habitual tea drinking came with the publication of “The Classic of Tea” by the Tang dynasty writer Lu Yu. This book tied tea-drinking with Buddhist thought, which greatly influenced the highly spiritual Chinese culture at that time.

這種飲茶習(xí)慣的起點(diǎn)是唐朝作家陸羽出版的《茶經(jīng)》。這本書將飲茶與佛教思想聯(lián)系起來(lái)，極大地影響了當(dāng)時(shí)高度精神化的中國(guó)文化。

As such eventually tea became a part of the Chinese daily routine and of occasions – and thereby truly embedded as part of the overall Chinese culture.

因此， 茶最終成為中國(guó)人日常生活和場(chǎng)合的一部分，從而真正成為整個(gè)中國(guó)文化的一部分。

二

中國(guó)茶種類

Kinds

There are fifteen major tea-producing provinces in the Chinese Mainland, and Taiwan also produces tea. Chinese teas are generally divided into six major types, mainly according to the method of production. These types are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea, and dark tea.

中國(guó)大陸有十五個(gè)主要產(chǎn)茶省份，臺(tái)灣也產(chǎn)茶。中國(guó)的茶葉一般分為六大類，主要是根據(jù)生產(chǎn)方法來(lái)劃分的。這些類型是綠茶、紅茶、烏龍茶、白茶、黃茶和黑茶。

紅茶 black tea

綠茶 green tea

白茶 white tea

黃茶 yellow tea

烏龍茶 oolong tea

黑茶 dark tea

Besides these, there are processed sorts such as jasmine tea and compressed tea. Each type has its representative “celebrity tea”, each with its unique appearance and aroma, and some are even associated with beautiful legends.

除此以外，還有一些經(jīng)過(guò)加工的種類，如茉莉花茶和壓縮茶。每種類型都有其代表性的 "名人茶"，每一種都有其獨(dú)特的外觀和香氣，有些甚至與美麗的傳說(shuō)有關(guān)。

1. Green Tea

Green tea is the oldest type of tea in China, and it is also produced there in the greatest quantities. Many provinces and cities are renowned for their production of green tea, the most eminent provinces being Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Anhui. In green tea the leaves are not fermented, so they largely retain the original flavor of tea, which is simple, elegant, and enduring. At first sip, green tea may taste a little thin, but after a while, it gains a fragrance in the mouth that lingers.

綠茶是中國(guó)最古老的茶葉類型，也是中國(guó)產(chǎn)量最大的茶葉。許多省市都以生產(chǎn)綠茶而聞名，最突出的省份是浙江、江西和安徽。在綠茶中，茶葉沒有經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)酵，所以它們?cè)诤艽蟪潭壬媳Ａ袅瞬璧脑嘉兜?，即?jiǎn)單、優(yōu)雅和持久。剛開始喝的時(shí)候，綠茶的味道可能有點(diǎn)淡，但過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，它的香味就會(huì)在口中縈繞。

①West Lake Longjing Tea 龍井茶

②Maojian Tea of Mount Huangshan （Anhui Province） 毛尖

③Pilochun （Suzhou, Jiangsu Province）碧螺春

④Sweet Dew of Mengding (Sichuan province) 蒙頂甜露

2. Black Tea

Black tea is a type of fermented tea; originating from green tea after it is mixed, kneaded, fermented, dried, and otherwise processed. Tea made from green tea leaves is a fresh green while that made using black tea is orange-red. What is more important is that black tea does not undergo the processes of green steaming or green frying, but is fermented, during which time the tea leaves go through chemical reactions. While green tea retains the thin and refreshing flavor of the leaves, the fermented black tea gives a stronger and thicker flavor.

紅茶是一種發(fā)酵茶；起源于綠茶，經(jīng)過(guò)混合、揉捏、發(fā)酵、干燥和其他處理。用綠茶葉制成的茶是鮮綠色的，而用紅茶制成的茶是橙紅色的。更重要的是，紅茶沒有經(jīng)過(guò)綠色蒸煮或綠色炒制的過(guò)程，而是經(jīng)過(guò)發(fā)酵，在此期間，茶葉經(jīng)歷了化學(xué)反應(yīng)。綠茶保留了茶葉的薄而清爽的味道，而發(fā)酵后的紅茶則有更強(qiáng)更厚的味道。

3. Oolong Tea

Oolong tea is somewhat intermediate between green and black tea. The finishing technique is that of green tea, but the preparation involves fermentation like black tea – it is a semi-fermented tea. It, therefore, has characteristics of both green and black tea: the fresh and clear flavor of green tea and the thick and luscious fragrance of black tea.

烏龍茶在某種程度上介于綠茶和紅茶之間。它的加工技術(shù)是綠茶的加工技術(shù)，但準(zhǔn)備工作涉及像紅茶一樣的發(fā)酵--它是一種半發(fā)酵的茶。因此，它兼具綠茶和紅茶的特點(diǎn)：綠茶的清新味道和紅茶的濃郁香味。

Fenghuang Dancong (Phoenix Mountain Select) tea, is one of the three great varieties of Oolong tea, all equally famous, the other two being the tea from the slopes of Wuyi Mountain, and Tieguanyin tea from Anxi.

鳳凰單叢（鳳凰山精選）茶是烏龍茶的三大品種之一，與另外兩個(gè)是武夷山山坡的茶和安溪的鐵觀音同樣出名。

4. Dark Tea

Dark tea was invented by accident.Long ago, in order to supply tea to the ethnic groups of the northwest, tea produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, and other places had to be transported to the north by sea, and then to the northwest via the Silk Road. In ship cabins and on horseback, the alternating damp and dry conditions caused major changes to the chemical composition of the leaves, and also turned them blackish-brown. In spite of this, they still give off a rare fragrance, and this type of tea quickly came to be appreciated by the locals.

黑茶的發(fā)明是個(gè)意外。很久以前，為了向西北民族供應(yīng)茶葉，云南、四川、湖北、湖南等地生產(chǎn)的茶葉必須通過(guò)海路運(yùn)到北方，然后再通過(guò)絲綢之路運(yùn)到西北地區(qū)。在船艙和馬背上，潮濕和干燥交替的環(huán)境使茶葉的化學(xué)成分發(fā)生重大變化，也使它們變成了黑褐色。盡管如此，它們?nèi)匀簧l(fā)出罕見的香味，這種類型的茶很快就受到了當(dāng)?shù)厝说南矏邸?/p>

①Pu’er tea (Yunnan Province) 普洱茶

②Six Castle tea （Guangxi Province） 六堡茶

5. Yellow Tea

Like dark tea, yellow tea was also a chance discovery when making green tea. People found that if leaves were not dried promptly after being finished, kneaded, and twisted, they would turn yellow in color, forming yellow tea. At first, people regarded yellow tea simply as bad-quality green tea. But some came to prefer the flavor of yellow tea, which gradually became one of the six major tea types. It's a type of fermented tea.

和黑茶一樣，黃茶也是在制作綠茶時(shí)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果茶葉在加工、揉捻后沒有及時(shí)干燥，就會(huì)變成黃色，形成黃茶。起初，人們把黃茶簡(jiǎn)單地視為質(zhì)量不好的綠茶。但有些人開始喜歡黃茶的味道，逐漸成為六大茶類之一。它是發(fā)酵茶的一種。

Junshan Silver Needle of Hunan and Mengdi Yellow Shoot of Sichuan are two representatives of yellow tea.

湖南的君山銀針和四川的蒙地黃芽是黃茶的兩個(gè)代表。

6. White Tea

White tea is slightly fermented.In the Tang and Song Dynasties, people regarded white tea as very valuable, but at that time white tea was just a rare kind of tea tree whose leaves were white, not the same as the white tea we know today.

白茶是經(jīng)過(guò)輕微發(fā)酵的。在唐宋時(shí)期，人們將白茶視為非常珍貴的東西，但當(dāng)時(shí)的白茶只是一種罕見的茶樹，其葉子是白色的，與我們今天知道的白茶不一樣。

White Hair Silver Needle and White Peony produced in Fujian are representatives of white tea.

福建生產(chǎn)的白毛銀針和白牡丹是白茶的代表。

三

喝茶的場(chǎng)景

Occasions

In China, tea is believed to be a drink that connects and bonds people together with care, respect, honor, and affection.

在中國(guó)，茶被認(rèn)為是一種飲料，它以關(guān)懷、尊重、榮譽(yù)和親情將人們聯(lián)系在一起。

Apart from happy occasions alone, tea also replaced alcohol in ritual occasions such as funerals and for offerings deities.

除了高興的場(chǎng)合外，在葬禮和供奉神靈等禮儀場(chǎng)合，茶也取代了酒。

As such, tea can be found throughout a raft of occasions in china, meaning tea is a part of almost every formal and informal occasion in China.

因此，在中國(guó)的許多場(chǎng)合都可以看到茶。這意味著茶是中國(guó)幾乎所有正式和非正式場(chǎng)合的一部分。

好啦,中國(guó)茶文化博大精深,小編今天帶大家學(xué)習(xí)了中國(guó)茶文化的起源、茶的種類、飲茶場(chǎng)景,希望大家學(xué)有所獲喲,我們下期再見!

來(lái)源 | UFL

作者 | Sunny

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