編者按
清明節(jié)又名踏青節(jié)frequent，在仲春與暮春之交，是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，大約始于周代，距今已有二千五百多年的歷史。作為最重要的祭祀節(jié)日之一，這一天人們會帶著親人去掃墓、祭祖。此外，清明亦是一種節(jié)氣的名稱，據(jù)《歷書》記載：“春分后十五日，斗指丁，為清明，時萬物皆潔齊而清明，蓋時當氣清景明，萬物皆顯，因此得名。” 可見，清明時節(jié)一到，大地氣溫便升高，正是春耕、植樹、春游踏青的大好時節(jié)。
正值清明節(jié)之際，上海語言學通訊與林苑兩大公眾號合作，與大家分享杜牧的七絕《清明》，歷來廣為傳誦。該詩著重刻畫frequent了清明時節(jié)在綿綿春雨中祭祀的行人神態(tài)以及詩人春游踏青的心境，場景色彩清淡，心境先愁后喜。首句交代環(huán)境、烘托氣氛；次句刻畫人物，突出其凄亂之心境；三句筆鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，以借問形式來間接地反映了詩人想擺脫凄冷的迫切心境；尾句寫牧童以肢體語言作答，為全詩之精妙所在?？梢?，詩人運用了由低到高、逐步上升、置高潮于尾句的詩技，音韻由悲轉(zhuǎn)喜，余韻邈然，耐人尋味。
另外小編亦收集到了25個英譯本，按收集獲取時間先后排序，不分優(yōu)劣。譯者分別為許景城，楊憲益、戴乃迭，許淵沖、許明，趙彥春，吳鈞陶，孫大雨，蔡廷干，萬昌盛、王僴中，吳偉雄，徐忠杰，龔景浩，曹順發(fā)，丁祖馨，任治稷、余正，唐一鶴，黃宏發(fā)，黃新渠 ，托尼·巴恩斯通、周平，林建民，邢全臣，都森、陳玉筠，王力偉，趙甄陶，陳君樸，佚名（維基百科）。以饗讀者，可供課堂教學及相關學術(shù)研究。各位譯者英譯文化負載詞“清明”上采用的策略不盡相同，大體上歸為音譯（比如徐忠杰，丁祖馨，任治稷、余正，黃宏發(fā)，托尼·巴恩斯通、周平，林建民 ，都森、陳玉筠，陳君樸 ，佚名（維基百科）的譯本）、直譯（比如趙彥春，吳鈞陶，孫大雨，龔景浩，唐一鶴，邢全臣，王力偉 ，趙甄陶 ）、意譯（許景城，楊憲益、戴乃迭，許淵沖、許明，萬昌盛、王僴中，吳偉雄，曹順發(fā)）。蔡廷干別具一格地將“清明節(jié)”譯為All Souls' Day，化用了西方國家“萬圣節(jié)”的英文表達“All Saints' Day”。在英譯“雨紛紛”、“斷魂”、“牧童”、“遙指”、“杏花村”時，譯文各有千秋。此外，在形式和押韻格式上，25個譯本大體上有韻體（aaba，aabb，aabc）和散文體。具體細節(jié)處，望讀者自賞自析。公眾號特邀河北衛(wèi)視新聞主播紅葉朗誦原漢詩，雙語主播李強朗誦許景城的英譯文，錄音師張暉進行音頻編輯。特此感謝。
為frequent你讀詩
（歡迎點擊以下音頻進行收聽）
（中文朗讀：紅葉 英文朗讀：李強 音頻編輯：張暉 ）
原
詩
清明
杜牧
清明時節(jié)雨紛紛，
路上行人欲斷魂。
借問酒家何處有，
牧童遙指杏花村。
英譯本1
Tomb Sweeping Day
By Du Mu
Tr. Peter Jingcheng Xu (許景城 譯)
Tomb Sweeping Day sees drizzles running ‘n flying,
and hearts lost in gloom, mourners on paths crying.
‘Any tavern near and far?’ I ask a boy,
who points to Almond Bloom vill beyond eyeing.
英譯本2
In the Raining Season of Spring
By Du Mu
楊憲益、戴乃迭 譯
It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,
Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable.
When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,
He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.
選自：古詩苑漢英譯叢《唐詩》，外文出版社，2001?！队⒄Z世界》2016-04-04、《21世紀英文報》2015-04-05 及http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本3
The Mourning Day
By Du Mu
許淵沖、許明 譯
A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day(1);
The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?
A cowherd points to a cot 'mid apricot flowers.
注：(1) The Mourning Day begins by a drizzling rain and ends by the mourner’s sorrow in wine. This quatrain enjoys great popularity in China.
選自：《英語世界》2016-04-04、《21世紀英文報》2015-04-05 及http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本4
Pure Brightness Day
By Du Mu
Tr. Zhao Yanchun
趙彥春 譯
The rain rustles on at Pure Brightness Day；
The traveler's tired, his soul in dismay.
Where is a tavern? He asks a shepherd,
Who points to Apricot Bloom faraway.
選自：Translating China Forum, 2015-4-4
英譯本5
The Pure Brightness Day
By Du Mu
吳鈞陶 譯
It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure Brightness Day,
I travel with my heart lost in dismay.
"Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?"
He points at Apricot Village faraway.
選自：《英語世界》2016-04-04、《21世紀英文報》2015-04-05 及http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本6
The Clear-and-Bright Feast
By Du Mu
孫大雨 譯
Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring, the rain drizzleth down in spray.
Pedestrians on countryside ways, in gloom are pinning away.
When asked "Where a tavern fair for rest, is hereabouts to be found",
The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill, doth point to afar and say.
選自：孫大雨，《古詩文英譯集》，上海外語教育出版社，1997、《英語世界》2016-04-04、《21世紀英文報》2015-04-05 及http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本7
All Souls’ Day
By Du Mu
蔡廷干 譯
The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls' Day,
The men and women sadly move along the way.
They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest,
And there the herdboy's fingers Almond-Town suggest.
選自：蔡廷干 （《唐詩精品百首英譯》，湖北教育出版社，1994）、《英語世界》2016-04-04、《21世紀英文報》2015-04-05 及http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本8
The Tomb-visiting Day
By Du Mu
萬昌盛、王僴中 譯
The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,
So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.
When asked where could be found a tavern bower,
A cowboy points to yonder village of the apricot flower.
選自：《中國古詩一百首》，大象出版社，1999?！队⒄Z世界》2016-04-04、《21世紀英文報》2015-04-05 及http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本9
The Mourning Day
By Du Mu
吳偉雄 譯
It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,
The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.
When asked for a wineshop to drown his sad hours?
A cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers.
選自：《英語世界》2016-04-04、《21世紀英文報》2015-04-05 及http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本10
The Qingming Festival
By Du Mu
徐忠杰 譯
During the Qing-ming Festival,
Is daily continual rain.
People, going to the country,
Form an almost unbroken train.
“Is there a wine shop hereabouts?”
We enquire of a peasant lad.
“Apricot Flower Village yonder,
Is a shop where wine can be had.”
選自：http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本11
The Day of Clear and Bright1
By Du Mu
龔景浩 譯
’round clear and bright showers are so frequent;
Wayfarers on the road feel despondent.
“Tell me, Buffalo Boy, is there a tavern somewhere?”
The lad pointed to a hamlet with blossoming apricot trees way down the road.
Note: (1) Day of Clear and Bright: The first day of the fifth solar term according to the Chinese lunar calendar; a day devoted to visiting ancestors’ graves.
選自：http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本12
The Mourning Day
By Du Mu
曹順發(fā) 譯
A fine rain falls on the tomb-sweeping day,
All mourners are heartbroken on their way.
“A wine shop to rid my sorrow, but where?”
A cowherd points Apricot Cot “O’er there”.
選自：http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本13
Qingming Festival1
By Du Mu
丁祖馨 譯
Qingming rains never seem to end.
The traveler along this road is overcome by dejection.
“Where can I find a tavern?”
“Apricot Village, way down the road,”
A cow boy replies pointing his finger.
注：1. Qingming festival –a Chinese festival which falls in early April.
選自：http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本14
Qingming Festival
By Du Mu
任治稷、余正 譯
Qingming season1 nonstop misty rain,
People look miserable along the way.
Tell me if there is a tavern around here,
Shepherd boy fingers Villa Apricot over there.
Note: 1. The day of the Qingming Festival marking the fifth of the 24 Solar Terms, traditionally observed as a festive occasion for family reunion and paying homage to ancestral graves by sweeping and trimming the surroundings of the grave, a.k.a. Grave Sweeping.
選自：http://www.en84.com/dianji/shi/201504/00000608.html
英譯本15
Pure Brightness (Qing Ming) Festival
By Du Mu
唐一鶴 譯
It’s drizzling thickly and profusely
On the Pure Brightness Day.
Away farer is overwhelmed with sorrows
On his way.
“Excuse me, can you tell me
Where to find a wineshop in the village?”
“Over there,” the shepherd boy pointing to
The distant Apricot Blossoms Village.
選自：唐一鶴（《英譯唐詩三百首》，天津人民出版社,2005）、http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_48670cb201017iei.html
英譯本16
Qingming
Du Mu (803-852)
Translated by Andrew W.F. Wong (Huang Hongfa)
譯者: 黃宏發(fā)
It is Qingming, early April, a season of mizzles and gloom,
Away from home, a wayfarer, faring into gloom and doom.
O where can be found a tavern, my good lad, if I may ask?
There! points the herd-boy to a village where apricots bloom.
Notes:
* This English rendition is in hexameter (6 metrical feet) while the original is in 7-character lines. The rhyme scheme is AABA as in the original.
* title and line 1: “Qingming” 清明 is a Chinese festival (for family reunion and visiting ancestral graves) which falls on the 5th (occasionally 4th or 6th) of April. I have, therefore, included “the Fifth of April” in both the title and line 1. I had considered dropping “Qingming” altogether from line 1, e.g. “’Tis again the Fifth of April” or “’Tis again early April”, but have decided otherwise. Revised 5.4.2013: I have now decided for "It is Qingming, early April" and "Qingming, Early April" for the title.
* Lines 1 and 2: The word “season” 時節(jié) in line 1 refers to a period of time around the festival day, e.g. Christmas season, and does not mean one of the four seasons.
In line 1, I have added the word “gloom” obviously for the rhyme, but can also be justified as giving notice to and reinforcing “gloom and doom” in line 2 which translates 斷魂 (dispirited). I had used “I’m soaked/steeped in” and “I’m, alas, in” to translate 欲 (which means “on the verge of” or “about to”, and not “wish/desire/want”), but have decided for just “faring into” without “I’m”..
* Line 3: I had used “Oh, where can be found (can I find) a tavern, my despondent (dampened) spirits to lift?”, “Where, oh, where, I wonder, can a tavern somehow be found?”, and “Where, oh, where, I wonder, can a tavern be found? I ask.”, but have now decided for “Oh, where can be found a tavern, my good lad, if I may ask?” with “if I may ask” to translate 借問 and “good lad” added to pave the way for the herd-boy in line 4. Revised 5.4.13: I have revised "Oh, where" to read "O where".
* Line 4: I had considered “Thither” and “Yonder” but have decided for “There” which, though not closest to 遙 (far), suffices and which rhymes with “where” in line 3 (perhaps also line 4). I had considered “says”, but have decided to use the literal “points” to translate 指. Revised 5.4.2013: I have deleted the second comma and changed the first to an exclamation mark.
選自：http://chinesepoemsinenglish.blogspot.co.uk/2010/04/du-mu-qingming-fifth-of-april.html
英譯本17
Qingming Day
黃新渠 譯
As the Qingming Festival comes around,
Thick and fast, the rain is falling down.
On the way to the graveyard to pay homage.
I visit my deceased with a broken heart.
Where may i find a wineshop to kill my sorrow?
A cowboy the way to Apricot Flowers Village shows.
選自：《譯海浪花黃新渠譯文譯詩選集》，四川民族出版，2004、http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bcdf1ee0102vjbd.html
英譯本18
On Pure Bright Day
托尼·巴恩斯通、周平合譯
Pure bright Season comes with fine fast drizzle
and travelers on the road feel their souls sliced off.
Please tell me where I can find a wine shop?
A cowherd boy points to distant Apricot Blooming Village.
選自：AnchorBook of Chinese Poetry，Random House http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bcdf1ee0102vjbd.html
英譯本19
Ching Ming Festival
林建民 譯
Continuous drizzle on Ching Ming Death Festival days
Pedestrians on the roads seemed to be losing balance
When I try to inquire the whereabout of an alehouse
The cowherd points at distant Apricot Flower Village
選自：《中國古詩英譯-整齊美集》，藝聯(lián)出版社，1990、http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bcdf1ee0102vjbd.html
英譯本20
Pure Brightness Festival
邢全臣 譯
Around the Pure Brightness Day it drizzles quite often,
Men on the way to mourning the dead seem heart-broken.
"Where," may I ask, "to find an inn to drown my grievance"?
The herd boy points to Apricot Hamlet in the distance.
選自：《用英語欣賞國粹》，科學出版社，2010、http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bcdf1ee0102vjbd.html
英譯本21
The Qingming Festival
都森、陳玉筠 譯
In these memorial days, annoying drizzle falls;
Mouners en route feel the pain in their hearts.
Is there any wine shop around here, please?
A cowkid points at a faraway Village Apricots.
選自：《古韻新聲》，華中科技大，2013、http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bcdf1ee0102vjbd.html
英譯本22
Pure Brightness
王力偉譯
The rain patters in the term of Pure Brightness
Passengers along the roads are all of unhappiness
I ask where a wineshop is
The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village
選自：《漢英古詩100首》，花山文藝，2002、http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bcdf1ee0102vjbd.html
英譯本23
Clear-Bright Day
趙甄陶 譯
It's raining very hard on Clear-Bright Day;
The traveler's heart is surely wrung on the way.
"Please, where d'you know of a tavern's waysidecot?"
The cowboy points to flowers of the apricot.
選自：《中國詩詞精選英譯》，湖南師范大學出版社，2001、http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bcdf1ee0102vjbd.html
英譯本24
The Qingming Festival
陳君樸譯
On the Qingming Day, rain is falling uninterrupted,
And the wayfarer is more than ever broken-hearted;
"Is there any wine shop hereabouts?" A buffalo boy
Points to a distant village where apricots are spotted.
選自：《漢英對照唐詩絕句150首》，上海大學出版，2007、http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4bcdf1ee0102vjbd.html
英譯本25
Qingming Festival
佚名譯
On day of Qingming Festival, a drizzly rain falls.
On the road, the traveller, disconsolate.
Enquiring, where can a restaurant be found?
A cowherd boy points, far away, to Apricot Blossom Village.
選自：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Mu
注：本文按語和音頻由上海語言學通訊和林苑聯(lián)袂制作，歡迎轉(zhuǎn)載！
中文朗讀：紅葉
英文朗讀：李強
音頻編輯：張暉
文字編輯： 林苑
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